Effects of extrinsic factors on some rumination patterns: A review

The rumen and its activity, rumination, are the characterizing traits of suborder Ruminantia, it is accompanied by related feeding habits consequent animal behavior. Several extrinsic (not to itself) factors affect rumination behavior; most reflected in timing (considering overall daily duration as well circadian differences patterns): age, environmental factors, diet. For these reasons, great efforts have been sustained at research level for monitoring patterns. Currently, some outcomes applied farm level; others still experimental level. All finalized mainly use pattern recording an effective prediction tool early detection health welfare problems, both a single head herd Moreover, knowledge effects on physiology represents challenge improving efficiency ruminant livestock management, from diet housing system, parasites heat stress. present review deals with worldwide raised species.